宝宝自言自语是病吗？

悦宝园早教中心

Have you noticed that your preschool has been talking to herself a lot lately?  While you may not find this annoying, you may find it alarming.  After all, unless one is elderly, talking to oneself usually is considered a sign of mental illness.  But be assured that this “private speech” is not only normal during the early years, it actually is quite beneficial for the young child.

你有没有注意到你的宝宝总是对自己唠叨个没完？老是自言自语？当然，父母们不会觉得烦，但是会担心。有不少家长咨询我，怕是不是宝宝得病了。

这确实是一种精神疾病……

但那是在孩子长大后，这种自言自语常被认为是一种精神病。在孩子幼年时的自言自语不但是正常的行为，而且实际上还是一种对孩子非常有益的行为！

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The primary purpose of private speech is to help the preschooler plan and guide her behavior as she learns new skills.  Think about a child learning to tie her shoelaces.  After receiving instruction and guidance from her parents, she attempts to complete the task on her own.  As the goes through the step-by-step procedure she has been taught, she recites the steps out loud.  “First you make the big loop, then you make the little loop, then you bring the big loop around, etc.”

小宝宝们每天都忙着学习新技能，这种自言自语的终极目的是帮助宝宝计划和引导他们的行为。这听上去有点儿怪是吧？我的宝宝是自己给自己发布命令的机器小人儿么？

想象一下，宝宝正在学习系鞋带。在从父母那里获得了方法和指引之后，他被鼓励自己完成这项任务。在一步步去实施所学的步骤时，他需要把这些步骤大声的说出来。

：Why does she do this recitation out loud?  The answer lies in the “egocentrism” of the mind at this point in development.  A preschooler is not able, nor is she inclined, to get outside of her own head, put herself in someone else’s position, and view a situation from the other person’s perspective.  It never occurs to her that someone else is listening and that what she is doing may be intrusive.  She only cares that she is able to plan and guide her behavior in a way that is maximally forceful and clear.

但他们为什么要大声说出来呢？答案就藏在他们意识中的“自我中心”在这个时候的发展。宝宝们还不能跳脱自我，从别人的角度思考认知周遭。所以他不会意识到有其他人正在听他们说话，甚至会来打扰他们。他只关注怎么能最有效最清晰地规划引导自己的行为，以完成任务。

So private speech is a phase that eventually pass and about which mothers and fathers should not worry.  Meanwhile, parents might want to note that it does provide them with an opportunity to monitor what is going on in the mind of their child.  Since she is often repeating instructions she has been given, they can readily tell if she has absorbed the lessons properly or is need of correction.

所以自言自语终会消失，父母也不必为此忧虑。同时，家长们倒是可以利用这个机会留意一下宝宝心里的想法。由于他们经常重复所学的指令，这样当他们领会正确时，可以表扬他们，如果有误，也可以及时纠正。

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